List of World Heritage in Danger

The World Heritage Convention[nb 1] laid down by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1972 provides the basis for the designation and management of World Heritage Sites. According to article 11.4 of the convention, UNESCO, through the World Heritage Committee, may place threatened World Heritage Sites whose conservation require major operations and for which "assistance has been requested" on a List of World Heritage in Danger.[1] This action is intended to increase the international awareness to the threat and to encourage counteractive measures.[2] Threats to a site can be either ascertained dangers which are proven imminent threats or potential dangers that could have adverse effects on the characteristics of a site.

In the case of natural sites, ascertained dangers include the serious decline in the population of an endangered or other valuable species or the deterioration of natural beauty or scientific value of a property by man-made activities such as logging, pollution, human settlement, mining, agriculture and major public works. Ascertained dangers for cultural properties include serious deterioration of materials, structure, ornaments or architectural coherence and the loss of historical authenticity or cultural significance. Potential dangers for both cultural and natural sites include development projects, armed conflicts, insufficient management systems or changes in the legal protective status of the property. In the case of cultural sites gradual changes due to geology, climate or environment can also be potential dangers.[3]

Before a property is inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger, its condition is assessed and a potential programme for corrective measures is developed in cooperation with the state party involved. The final decision about inscription lies in the hand of the committee. Financial support from the World Heritage Fund may be allocated by the committee for listed properties. The state of conservation is reviewed on a yearly basis. Depending on the outcome of the review, the committee may request additional measures or delete the property from the list if the threats ceased to exist or may consider deletion from both the List of World Heritage in Danger and the World Heritage List.[3] Of the two former sites, the Dresden Elbe Valley has been delisted after placement on the List of World Heritage in Danger while the Arabian Oryx Sanctuary has been directly delisted.[4][5] As of 2011, there are 35 entries (17 natural, 18 cultural) on the List of World Heritage in Danger. Many of the listed sites are located in the developing world with 15 in Africa (of which five are in the Democratic Republic of the Congo), 10 in Asia[nb 2], 7 in the Americas and 3 in Europe.[nb 3][6] The majority of endangered natural sites (12) is located in Africa.[7]

While danger listing has sparked conservation efforts and released funding, resulting in a positive development of some sites such as Galápagos or Yellowstone, the list itself and UNESCO's implementation of it have been the focus of criticism.[8][9] In particular state parties and other stakeholders of World Heritage Sites have questioned the authority of the Committee to declare a site in danger without their consent.[10] Until UNESCO set a precedent in 1992 placing several sites on the danger list against their view, state parties would have first submitted a program of corrective measures before a site could listed.[11] Instead of being used as intended, the List of World Heritage in Danger is perceived by some states as a black list and according to Christina Cameron, Professor at the School of Architecture, Canada Research Chair on Built Heritage, University of Montreal, has been used as political tool to get the attention of state parties.[12][13] The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) notes that UNESCO has referenced the List of World Heritage in Danger (without actually listing the site) in a number of cases where the threat could be easily addressed by the state party.[14] The Union also argues that listing a site as endangered over a long period of time is questionable and that other mechanisms for conservation should be sought in these cases.[15]

Contents

Legend

Name; as listed by the World Heritage Committee[16]
Location; at city or provincial level and country name, with coordinates; column sorts by state[nb 4]
Criteria; the site was listed under
Area; in hectares and acres if provided by UNESCO
Year (WHS); the year the site was inscribed on the World Heritage List
Endangered; the year the site appeared on the List of World Heritage in Danger
Reason; threats to the site which prompted UNESCO to list it as in danger

Currently listed sites

  * Trans-border site
Name Image Location Criteria Area
ha (acre)
Year (WHS) Endangered Reason Refs
Abu Mena EgyAbusir,
 Egypt
Cultural:
(iv)
&10000000000000182000000182 (450) 1979 2001 Cave-ins in the area caused by the clay at the surface, which becomes semi-liquid when met with "excess water" [17][18]
[19]
Air and Ténéré Natural Reserves Niger1Arlit Department,
 Niger
Natural:
(vii), (ix), (x)
&100000000077360000000007,736,000 (19,120,000) 1991 1992 Military conflict and civil disturbance in the region as well as a reduction of wildlife population and degradation of the vegetation cover [20][21]
Ashur (Qal'at Sherqat) IraqSalah ad Din,
 Iraq
Cultural:
(iii), (iv)
&1000000000000007000000070 (170) 2003 2003 A planned reservoir that would have partially flooded the site was suspended in the wake of the Iraq War by the new administration; lack of adequate protection [22][23]
Bagrati Cathedral and Gelati Monastery GeorImereti,
 Georgia
Cultural:
(iv)
&100000000000000078700007.87 (19.4) 1994 2010 Major reconstruction project that will lead to irreversible interventions and undermine the authenticity and integrity of the site [24][25]
Bam and its Cultural Landscape IranKerman,
 Iran
Cultural:
(ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
&10000000000000000000000 2004 2004 Following the damage due to the 2003 Bam earthquake [26][27]
Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System BelBelize, Stann Creek and Toledo
 Belize
Natural:
(vii), (ix), (x)
&1000000000009630000000096,300 (238,000) 1996 2009 Mangrove cutting and excessive development [28][29]
Chan Chan Archaeological Zone PerLa Libertad,
 Peru
Cultural:
(i), (iii)
&10000000000000600000000600 (1,500) 1986 1986 Natural erosion [30][31]
Comoé National Park CotZanzan,
 Côte d'Ivoire
Natural:
(ix), (x)
&100000000011500000000001,150,000 (2,800,000) 1983 2003 Civil unrest, poaching and lack of effective management mechanisms [32][33]
Coro and its Port VenFalcón,
 Venezuela
Cultural:
(iv), (v)
&10000000000000107000000107 (260) 1993 2005 Damage to a great number of structures due to heavy rain between November 2004 and February 2005 as well as the construction of a new monument, a beach walkway and an entrance gate to the city in the buffer zone which could have considerable impact on the value of the site [34][35]
Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley
AfgBamyan,
 Afghanistan
Cultural:
(i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (vi)
&10000000000000159000000159 (390) 2003 2003 Fragile conservation state due to abandonment, military action and dynamite explosions; causing dangers such as risk of collapse of Buddha niches, further deterioration of cave murals, looting and illicit excavations [36][37]
Everglades National Park UniFlorida,
 United States
Natural:
(viii), (ix), (x)
&10000000000592920000000592,920 (1,465,100) 1979 1993–2007, 2010 Damage due to Hurricane Andrew and deterioration of water flow and quality due to agricultural and urban development (1993); continued degradation of the site resulting in a loss of marine habitat and decline in marine species (2010) [38][39]
[40]
Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works ChilTarapacá,
 Chile
Cultural:
(ii), (iii), (iv)
&10000000000000000000000 2005 2005 Fragile nature of structures due to lack of maintenance for 40 years; also damage, vandalism and some dismantling; looting [41][42]
Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore PakPunjab,
 Pakistan
Cultural:
(i), (ii), (iii)
&10000000000000000000000 1981 2000 Destruction of historic water tanks in 1999 to widen a road and deteriorating perimeter walls of the Garden, listed on request of the Pakistan government [43][44]
Garamba National Park DemOrientale,
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
Natural:
(vii), (x)
&10000000000500000000000500,000 (1,200,000) 1980 1984–1992, 1996 Reduction of Northern White Rhinoceros population (1984); poaching of two white rhinos, killing of three rangers and no plan for corrective measures by the authorities (1996) [45][46]
[47]
Historical Monuments of Mtskheta GeorMtskheta-Mtianeti,
 Georgia
Cultural:
(iii), (iv)
&10000000000000000000000 1994 2009 Concerns about the preservation of the site [48][49]
Historic Town of Zabīd
YemAl Hudaydah,
 Yemen
Cultural:
(ii), (iv), (vi)
&10000000000000000000000 1993 2000 Deteriorating state of historic buildings, inscribed on request of the state party [50][51]
Kahuzi-Biega National Park
DemSouth Kivu
and Maniema,
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
Natural:
(x)
&10000000000600000000000600,000 (1,500,000) 1980 1997 Deforestation, hunting as well as war and civil strife [52][53]
Los Katíos National Park
ColAntioquia and Chocó,
 Colombia
Natural:
(ix), (x)
&1000000000007200000000072,000 (180,000) 1994 2009 Deforestation, illegal fishing and hunting [54][55]
Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park CenBamingui-Bangoran,
 Central African Republic
Natural:
(ix), (x)
&100000000017400000000001,740,000 (4,300,000) 1988 1997 Illegal grazing and poaching, deteriorating security situation [56][57]
Minaret and Archaeological Remains of Jam AfgGhōr,
 Afghanistan
Cultural:
(ii), (iii), (iv)
&1000000000000007000000070 (170) 2002 2002 Lack of legal protection, lack of protection measure or management plan, poor condition of the site [58][59]
Medieval Monuments in Kosovo SerbKosovo,
 Serbia
Cultural:
(ii), (iii), (iv)
&100000000000000028799992.88 (7.1) 2004 2006 Lack of legal protection and management; political instability and security [60][61]
Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve CotLola Prefecture,
 Côte d'Ivoire*
 Guinea*
Natural:
(ix), (x)
&1000000000001800000000018,000 (44,000) 1981 1992 Iron ore mining concession on part of the World Heritage Site and influx of large number of refugees on the Guinean part of the site [62][63]
Niokolo-Koba National Park SenTambacounda Region
and Kédougou Region,
 Senegal
Natural:
(x)
&10000000000913000000000913,000 (2,260,000) 1981 2007 Degradation of property, low mammal population, management problems and impact of a proposed dam on the Gambia River [64][65]
Okapi Wildlife Reserve Dem Orientale,
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
Natural:
(x)
&100000000013726250000001,372,625 (3,391,830) 1996 1997 Looting of park facilities and killing of elephants as a result of an armed conflict in the area [66][67]
Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls JerJerusalem District
(no nation named by UNESCO)[nb 5]
Cultural:
(ii), (iii), (vi)
&10000000000000000000000 1981 1982 Uncontrolled urban development, general deterioration of the state of conservation due to tourism and lack of maintenance [68][69][70]
Rainforests of the Atsinanana
MadEastern Madagascar,
 Madagascar
Natural:
(ix), (x)
&10000000000479660000000479,660 (1,185,300) 2007 2010 Illegal logging and hunting of endangered lemurs [71][72]
Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras PhiIfugao,
 Philippines
Cultural:
(iii), (iv), (v)
&10000000000500000000000500,000 (1,200,000) 1995 2001 Absence of systematic monitoring programme or a comprehensive management plan [73][74]
Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve HonLa Mosquitia,
 Honduras
Natural:
(vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
&10000000000000000000000 1982 1996–2007, 2011 Logging, fishing and land occupation; poaching and the reduced capacity of the state to manage the site; largely due to the deterioration of law and to the presence of drug traffickers [75][76]
Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara
TanKilwa District,
 Tanzania
Cultural:
(iii)
&10000000000000000000000 1981 2004 Continuing deterioration of the site due to various agents such as erosion or plants [77][78]
Salonga National Park DemSouth Kivu
and Maniema,
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
Natural:
(vii), (ix)
&100000000036000000000003,600,000 (8,900,000) 1984 1999 Breakdown of civil order [79][80]
[81]
Samarra Archaeological City
IraqSalah ad Din,
 Iraq
Cultural:
(ii), (iii), (iv)
&1000000000001505800000015,058 (37,210) 2007 2007 Security situation following the Iraq War and lack of state control for protection or management of the site [82][83]
Simien National Park EthAmhara Region,
 Ethiopia
Natural:
(vii), (x)
&1000000000002200000000022,000 (54,000) 1978 1996 Deterioration of population of Walia ibex [84][85]
Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi UgandaKampala District,
 Uganda
Cultural:
(i), (iii),
(iv), (vi)
&1000000000000002700000027 (67) 2001 2010 Destruction of the Muzibu Azaala Mpanga, the main building of the site, by fire in March 2010 [86][87]
Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra IndonesiaSumatra,
 Indonesia
Natural:
(vii), (ix), (x)
&100000000025951240000002,595,124 (6,412,690) 2004 2011 Poaching, illegal logging, agricultural encroachment, and plans to build roads through the site [88][89]
Virunga National Park DemNorth Kivu
and Orientale,
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
Natural:
(vii), (viii), (x)
&10000000000800000000000800,000 (2,000,000) 1979 1994 Deforestation and poaching as a result of the influx of refugees due to the Rwandan Civil War [90][91]

Previously listed sites

There exist a number of sites that were previously listed as being in danger, but later removed from the list after improvements in management and conservation. The Everglades National Park was listed from 1993 to 2007 and again since 2010; the Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve was listed from 1996 to 2007 and again since 2011. Both are therefore included in the list of currently listed sites (above).

  # Delisted as a World Heritage Site
Name Image Location Criteria Area
ha (acre)
Year (WHS) Endangered Reason Refs
Angkor Siem Reap Province,  Cambodia
Cultural:
(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
&10000000000000000000000
1992 1992–2004 Inscription initially limited to a three year period (1993–1995) during which effective legal protection, boundary and buffer zones were to be established and international conservation efforts were to be monitored and coordinated; At the time of inscription, Cambodia was UN-controlled following the civil war in the 1980s. [92][93]
[94]
Bahla Fort Bahla,  Oman
Cultural:
(iv)
&10000000000000000000000
1987 1988–2004 Degradation of earth structures of the fort and of the oasis of Bahla [95][96]
[97][98]
Butrint Sarandë District,  Albania
Cultural:
(iii)
&100000000000039800000003,980 (9,800) 1992 1997–2005 Damages due to management and conservation [99][100]
[101]
Cologne Cathedral
North Rhine-Westphalia,  Germany
Cultural:
(i), (ii), (iv)
&10000000000000000000000
1996 2004–2006 High-rise building plan near the cathedral threatening to inflict damage to the integrity of the property; delisted[nb 6] after the building plan was halted and a buffer zone introduced [102][103]
[104]
Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary Biffeche,  Senegal
Natural:
(vii), (x)
&1000000000001600000000016,000 (40,000) 1981 1984–1988, 2000–2006 Long term threat by construction plan for a down-stream dam (1984); delisted[nb 6] (1988) as water supply to the park was insured by the construction of a sluice and a management plan was being prepared; relisted[nb 7] (2000) due to environmental and economical threats posed by the introduced species Salvinia molesta and Pistia stratiotes as well as issues with water management in the park [46][105]
[106][107]
[108][109]
Dresden Elbe Valley# Saxony,  Germany
Cultural:
(ii), (iii), (iv), (v)
&100000000000019300000001,930 (4,800) 2004 2006–2009 Construction plans for the Waldschlösschen Bridge in the core area of the cultural landscape; removed from the list of World Heritage Sites in 2009 after construction commenced at the end of 2007 [110][111]
Dubrovnik Dubrovnik-Neretva County,  Croatia
Cultural:
(i), (iii), (iv)
&1000000000000009700000097 (240) 1979 1991–1998 Croatian War of Independence [112][113]
[114]
Galápagos Islands Galápagos Province,  Ecuador
Natural:
(vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
&1000000001406651400000014,066,514 (34,759,110) 1978 2007–2010 Various threats including insufficient prevention of possibilities for the introduction of alien species, insufficient resource allocation for conservation agencies and park management, presence of a large number of illegal immigrants, rapid uncontrolled growth of tourism, fishing over-capacity and sports fishing [115][116]
[117][118]
Group of Monuments at Hampi
Bellary district,  India
Cultural:
(i), (iii), (iv)
&10000000000000000000000
1986 1999–2006 Partial construction of two cable-suspended bridges within the protected archaeological areas of Hampi threatening the integrity and authenticity of the site [119][120]
[121]
Ichkeul National Park Bizerta,  Tunisia
Natural:
(x)
&1000000000001260000000012,600 (31,000) 1980 1996–2006 Construction of dams limiting the freshwater flow to the area and causing an increased salinity of the lake and the marshes as well as a decrease in the number of migrating bird populations [122][123]
[124]
Iguaçu National Park Paraná State,  Brazil
Natural:
(vii), (x)
&10000000000170086000000170,086 (420,290) 1986 1999–2001 Illegally opened road ("Colon Road") through the park, dams on the Iguazu River and helicopter flights. [81][125]
[126]
Kathmandu Valley Kathmandu Valley,  Nepal
Cultural:
(iii), (iv), (vi)
&10000000000000167000000167 (410) 1979 2003–2007 Partial or substantial loss of the traditional elements of six out of seven monument zones and resulting general loss of authenticity and integrity of the whole property. [127][128]
[129]
Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor Bay of Kotor, Kotor and surrounding territory,  Montenegro
Cultural:
(i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
&10000000000000000000000
1979 1979–2003 Damage following the earthquake from April 15, 1979 [130][131]
[132]
Manas Wildlife Sanctuary
Assam,  India
Natural:
(vii), (ix), (x)
&1000000000003910000000039,100 (97,000) 1985 1992–2011 Poaching, damage to the park's infrastructure and decrease in the population of some species particularly the Greater One Horned Rhino following an invasion by militants of the Bodo tribe in 1992 [133][134]
[135]
Ngorongoro Conservation Area Arusha Region,  Tanzania
Natural:
(iv), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
&10000000000000000000000
1978 1984–1989 Declining conservation status [46][136]
[137]
Plitvice Lakes National Park Lika-Senj County,  Croatia
Natural:
(vii), (viii), (ix)
&1000000000001920000000019,200 (47,000) 1979 1992–1997 Potential threat due to the Croatian War of Independence [138][139]
[140]
Royal Palaces of Abomey Zou Department,  Benin
Cultural:
(iii), (iv)
&1000000000000004800000048 (120) 1985 1985–2007 General state of deterioration due to the elements and inappropriate restoration which are in conflict with the authenticity of the site [141][142]
[143][144]
Rwenzori Mountains National Park Bundibugyo, Kabarole and Kasese District,  Uganda
Natural:
(vii), (ix)
&1000000000009960000000099,600 (246,000) 1994 1999–2004 Security situation and lack of monitoring of a major part of the park [81][145]
[146]
Sangay National Park Chimborazo, Morona-Santiago and Tungurahua Province,  Ecuador
Natural:
(vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
&10000000000271925000000271,925 (671,940) 1983 1992–2005 Heavy poaching, illegal livestock grazing, encroachment and potential threat through a road construction project [147][148]
[149]
Srebarna Nature Reserve Srebarna, Silistra Province,  Bulgaria
Natural:
(x)
&10000000000000638000000638 (1,580) 1983 1992–2003 Prevention of seasonal flooding and agricultural use causing a decline or disappearance of the water and passerine bird populations [150][151]
[152]
Timbuktu Circle and Region of Tombouctou,  Mali
Cultural:
(ii), (iv), (v)
&10000000000000000000000
1988 1990–2005 Threat of sand encroachment [153][154]
[155]
Tipasa Tipaza Province,  Algeria
Cultural:
(iii), (iv)
&1000000000000005200000052 (130) 1982 2002–2006 Inadequat maintenance affecting the integrity of the site and its buffer zone [156][157]
[158]
Wieliczka Salt Mine Wieliczka, Wieliczka County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship,  Poland
Cultural:
(iv)
&10000000000000969000000969 (2,390) 1978 1989–1998 Humidity problem [137][159]
[160]
Yellowstone National Park
Wyoming and small areas of Montana and Idaho,  United States
Natural:
(vii), (viii), (ix), (x)
&10000000000898349000000898,349 (2,219,870) 1978 1995–2003 Ascertained dangers to Yellowstone cutthroat trout as well as sewage leakage and waste contamination in parts of the park; potential threats to water quantity and quality, past and proposed mining activities, a proposed control program to eradicate brucellosis in the bison herds [161][162]
[163]

Notes

  1. ^ Full title: Convention concerning the protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage
  2. ^ Includes the Jerusalem site
  3. ^ Includes two sites in Georgia
  4. ^ The Jerusalem site is not associated with a state by UNESCO and sorts as "Jerusalem".
  5. ^ Site proposed by Jordan. UNESCO has stated that "In line with relevant UN resolutions, East Jerusalem remains part of the occupied Palestinian territory, and the status of Jerusalem must be resolved in permanent status negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians."
  6. ^ a b From the List of World Heritage in Danger
  7. ^ On the List of World Heritage in Danger

References

General
Notes
  1. ^ "Convention concerning the protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage" (PDF). UNESCO. p. 6. http://whc.unesco.org/archive/convention-en.pdf. Retrieved 10 December 2010. 
  2. ^ "List of World Heritage in Danger". UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/158/. Retrieved 10 December 2010. 
  3. ^ a b "Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention" (PDF). UNESCO. January 2008. http://whc.unesco.org/archive/opguide08-en.pdf. Retrieved 10 December 2010. 
  4. ^ "Oman's Arabian Oryx Sanctuary: first site ever to be deleted from UNESCO's World Heritage List". UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/362. Retrieved 10 December 2010. 
  5. ^ "Dresden is deleted from UNESCO’s World Heritage List". UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/522. Retrieved 10 December 2010. 
  6. ^ Timothy & Nyaupane 2009, p. 11
  7. ^ IUCN 2009, pp. 4–7
  8. ^ Chape, Spalding & Jenkins 2008, p. 87
  9. ^ Timothy & Nyaupane 2009, p. 83
  10. ^ IUCN 2009, pp. 2–3
  11. ^ Chape, Spalding & Jenkins 2008, p. 86
  12. ^ Thorsell, J. W.; Sawyer, Jacqueline (1992). World heritage 20 years later (illustrated ed.). IUCN. p. 23. ISBN 9782831701097. http://books.google.de/books?id=0TnY6PX_RyMC. Retrieved 5 September 2011. 
  13. ^ IUCN 2009, p. 0
  14. ^ IUCN 2009, pp. 18–19
  15. ^ IUCN 2009, pp. 19–20
  16. ^ "List of World Heritage in Danger". UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/danger/. Retrieved 10 December 2010. 
  17. ^ "Abu Mena". UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/90. Retrieved 28 May 2010. 
  18. ^ "Abu Mena–Threats to the Site (2001)". UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/90/threats/. Retrieved 27 August 2010. 
  19. ^ 25th session 2001, p. 134
  20. ^ "Air and Ténéré Natural Reserves". UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/573. Retrieved 28 May 2010. 
  21. ^ 16th session 1992, p. 29
  22. ^ "Ashur (Qal'at Sherqat)". UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1130. Retrieved 28 May 2010. 
  23. ^ 27th session 2003, pp. 123–124
  24. ^ "Bagrati Cathedral and Gelati Monastery". UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/710. Retrieved 3 December 2010. 
  25. ^ 34th session 2010, pp. 130–133
  26. ^ "Bam and its Cultural Landscape". UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1208. Retrieved 3 December 2010. 
  27. ^ 28th session 2004, pp. 47–48
  28. ^ "Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System". UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/764. Retrieved 28 May 2010. 
  29. ^ 33rd session 2009, pp. 81–82
  30. ^ "Chan Chan Archaeological Zone". UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/366. Retrieved 28 May 2010. 
  31. ^ "World Heritage Committee: Tenth session" (PDF). UNESCO. p. 6. http://whc.unesco.org/archive/1986/cc-86-conf003-10e.pdf. Retrieved 26 June 2011. 
  32. ^ "Comoé National Park". UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/227. Retrieved 28 May 2010. 
  33. ^ 27th session 2003, p. 30
  34. ^ "Coro and its Port". UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/658. Retrieved 28 May 2010. 
  35. ^ 29th session 2005, pp. 102–103
  36. ^ "Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley". UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/208. Retrieved 28 May 2010. 
  37. ^ 27th session 2003, pp. 122–123
  38. ^ "Everglades National Park". UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/76. Retrieved 28 May 2010. 
  39. ^ "World Heritage Committee: Seventeenth session" (PDF). UNESCO. pp. 20–21. http://whc.unesco.org/archive/1993/whc-93-conf002-14e.pdf. Retrieved 26 June 2011. 
  40. ^ 34th session 2010, pp. 82–83
  41. ^ "Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works". UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1178. Retrieved 28 May 2010. 
  42. ^ 29th session 2005, pp. 142–143
  43. ^ "Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore". UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/171. Retrieved 28 May 2010. 
  44. ^ 24th session 2000, p. 26
  45. ^ "Garamba National Park". UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/136. Retrieved 28 May 2010. 
  46. ^ a b c 8th session 1984, p. 18
  47. ^ 20th session 1996, p. 32
  48. ^ "Historical Monuments of Mtskheta". UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/708. Retrieved 3 December 2010. 
  49. ^ 33rd session 2009, p. 139
  50. ^ "Historic Town of Zabid". UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/611. Retrieved 3 December 2010. 
  51. ^ 24th session 2000, pp. 26–27
  52. ^ "Kahuzi-Biega National Park". UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/137. Retrieved 28 May 2010. 
  53. ^ 21st session 1997, pp. 19–20
  54. ^ "Los Katíos National Park". UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/711. Retrieved 28 May 2010. 
  55. ^ 33rd session 2009, p. 83
  56. ^ "Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park". UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/475. Retrieved 28 May 2010. 
  57. ^ 21st session 1997, pp. 18–19
  58. ^ "Minaret and Archaeological Remains of Jam". UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/211. Retrieved 28 May 2010. 
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